Asthma is the most common inflammatory disease, meaning that it affects the respiratory system. Asthma is a constant, and increasing issue these days, due to severe allergies to the environment, that can cause this disorder. Most common include wheezing and coughing, which are severe signs of Asthma which we will late discuss. The main reason Asthma occurs is due to the changes in airways and is caused by the inflammation in these specific airways. This doesn't allow Ait to pass freely throughout the body, giving a rise to those specific symptoms.  (Holgate. S, Wenzel. S, Postma. D, Weiss. S, Renz. Harald, Sly. P; 2015) 

 

 

Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder caused by chronic airway inflammation, that affects how long ad deadly treatment could be. Asthma involves many symptoms, but the common ones, which were mentioned above are wheezing and coughing. The Origin of Asthma is related to both Genetic and Environmental Issues, which we will talk about later. In most cases, Asthma occurs during Childhood and continues through life but it can also occur later in life, and come in the absence of an allergy. Usually, though, Asthma is accompanied by allergies, such as rhinitis, conjunctiveness, food allergies, and non-genetic disorders, like obesity. Asthma can be provoked by viral infections, making your body weaker to more severe symptoms of Asthma. Asthma is grouped into certain categories, and the type of drug advice is different for each of them. Please check the resource for more details on each of these drugs.  (Holgate. S, Wenzel. S, Postma. D, Weiss. S, Renz. Harald, Sly. P; 2015) 

 

Over the years, scientists have found out we have over 300 million people diagnosed with Asthma, displaying how common it is. Usually, Asthma does not have a high mortality rate in more developed areas, but in more rural areas is where death rates skyrocket(Image 17). Without the aid of proper medicine, many die and suffer from the disease. The rise in asthma is similar to those of Immune-mediated diseases, like diabetes which is also a heterogeneous disorder. Immunological factors greatly influence Asthma, and most of the cases of Asthma in children are diagnosed with children under age 5. During growing ages, Boys are more likely to receive the disease, but after puberty, girls are more likely to receive the disease, which is something interesting to think about. (Holgate. S, Wenzel. S, Postma. D, Weiss. S, Renz. Harald, Sly. P; 2015). 

 

Asthma has some key mechanisms that occur when people are diagnosed with them. The most common is Airway Inflammation, where the inflammation occurs in the airways, which circulate air around the body to get blocked(Image 18). This occurs in most cases of Asthma and is greatly related to environmental allergens. This inflammation occurs when they are interactions between specialized antigen-presenting air dendritic cells and T-cells. Once this occurs, the inflammation occurs and stays for a short period of time and retreats. Once sensitized, future exposure to allergies starts EAR, which lasts for 5-90 minutes and makes the diagnosed person feel very uncomfortable. Another mechanism is airway remodeling, where the walls of the airways get thicker. This allows for increased mucus production, which leads to severe problems like Heart Attacks (Holgate. S, Wenzel. S, Postma. D, Weiss. S, Renz. Harald, Sly. P; 2015). 

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Childhood viral infection and lung infection arise from a key trigger from the body when it comes in contact with Viral infections. Another trigger comes from the emergence of T-2 Type allergic immune response in the airways. A key thing to keep in mind is that Asthma affects the Heart and the Lungs the most, as it revolves around the respiratory system(Image 19). Scientists have found that Lung Infections play big roles in these, and finding a deficit in this could be a possible sign of Asthma. Lung infections come partly due to genetics and partly due to the toxic elements in the environment. Prenatal, Post Natal risk factors, Microbial, Bacteria pathogens Airway modeling and remodeling, are all characteristics of asthma that occur and are very common (Holgate. S, Wenzel. S, Postma. D, Weiss. S, Renz. Harald, Sly. P; 2015). 

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As we have been talking about for a good part of the review, environmental issues are a major cause of Asthma. Children are highly sensitive, and these allergies might seem common, but they do majorly lead to this issue. Allergies lead to the development of Asthma through your childhood and will torment you throughout your adult life as it might lead to severe asthma. Though a common cure suggested can be allergic avoiding, it is a poor technique because it's hard to limit that, and it can also arise in their respective genetics. Other issues that cause Asthma are Viral infections, Air pollution, Tobacco smoke, and Obesity. These cause respiratory issues, and that increased inflammation in your airways (Holgate. S, Wenzel. S, Postma. D, Weiss. S, Renz. Harald, Sly. P; 2015)  . 

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Since we have discussed the possible issues surrounding this disorder, we can move on to discuss the respective preventions and treatments(Image 20). As mentioned above, if performed correctly Allergic avoidance is the best technique there is to offer, considering that it would reduce your chances of receiving this disease. Essentially, this signifies that going outside is dangerous, as there are possible ways of attracting allergies, which is extreme to think about in our real-world life, which suggests, that this solution isn't viable, especially to children and working adults. Other prevention techniques include taking Dietary Measures and reducing exposure to Microorganisms. Treatment differed for adults and children because their immune systems are different, and so are the ways they respond. For adults, there are more rigger treatments like standard treatment through the types of drugs discussed earlier in the paragraph, or Novel Therapeutic approaches. For children, lighter medicines that are used for common colds and much will work, and will significantly reduce symptoms of this disease (Holgate. S, Wenzel. S, Postma. D, Weiss. S, Renz. Harald, Sly. P; 2015)  .